2D layered Materials
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Graphane offers a brand new playground for physicists and engineers, particularly as a prospect for two dimensional
electronic applications. A new perspective is the chemical modification of graphene, especially the incisive idea of attaching
atomic hydrogen to both sides of the graphene lattice to produce graphane , an sp3-hybridized insulating derivative of
graphene. To achieve this, we exposed single and multilayer graphene as well as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)
to a pure hydrogen low temperature plasma (LTP). Our photoemission measurement shows that hydrogen LTP exposed
HOPG has a diamond-like valence band structure, which anticipates graphane formation. Wit scanning tunneling microscopy,
various atomic-scale charge density patterns were observed which might be associated with different C-H conformers of
graphane. A very low defect density was also observed which enables a reverse transformation to graphene. Hydrogen LTP
exposed HOPG possesses a high thermal stability, and therefore, this transformation requires annealing over 1000°C.
This work has been done in collaboration with the group of Prof. D. Zumbühl of the Basel Universität.
See our publication in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology and the thesis of Dr. Baran Eren (link) Figure: UV-photoemission spectra obtained before and after hydrogen plasma exposure on HOPG. The image shows a STM picture acquired after the plasma exposure. |
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The mechanical behavior of a periodically buckled graphene membrane has been investigated by noncontact atomic force microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum. When a graphene monolayer is grown on Ru(0001), a regular arrangement of 0.075 nm high nanodomes forming a honeycomb lattice with 3 nm periodicity forms spontaneously. This structure responds in a perfectly reversible way to relative normal displacements up to 0.12 nm. Indeed, the elasticity of the nanodomes is proven by realistic DFT calculations, with an estimated normal stiffness k ≈ 40 N/m. Our observations extend previous results on macroscopic graphene samples and confirm that the elastic behavior of this material is maintained down to nanometer length scales, which is important for the development of new high-frequency (terahertz) electromechanical devices. |
Publications related to this research topic:
| Velocity Dependence of Moire Friction Y. Song, X. Gao, A. Hinaut, S. Scherb, S. Huang, Th. Glatzel, O. Hod, M. Urbakh, and E. Meyer Nano Lett., 22, (23), (2022), 9529-9536, pdf. |
| 2D KBr/Graphene Heterostructures - Influence on Work Function and Friction Z. Liu, A. Hinaut, S. Peeters, S. Scherb, E. Meyer, M.C. Righi, and Th. Glatzel Nanomaterials, 12, (6), (2022), 968, pdf. |
| Observation of robust superlubricity of MoS2 on Au(111) in ultrahigh vacuum Y. Song; A. Hinaut; S. Scherb; Y. Pellmont; R. Pawlak; S. Huang; Z. Liu; Th. Glatzel, and E. Meyer Applied Surface Science, 601, (2022), 154230, pdf. |
| On-Surface Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Kagome Graphene R. Pawlak, X. Liu, S. Ninova, P. D Astolfo, C. Drechsel, J.-C. Liu, R. Haener, S. Decurtins, U. Aschauer, S.-X. Liu, and E. Meyer Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 60, (15), (2021), 8370-8375, pdf. |
| KPFM and DFT as tools to correlate the charge distribution and molecular orientation of dendritic adsorbates on different surfaces E.D.Farias, M.E. Zoloff Michoff, V. Sueldo Occello, V. Brunetti, M.C.G.Passeggi (Jr.), and Th. Glatzel Applied Surface Science, 565, (2021), 150552, pdf. |
| Bottom-up Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Graphene Nanoribbons R. Pawlak, X. Liu, S. Ninova, P. D Astolfo, C. Drechsel, S. Sangtarash, R. Haner, S. Decurtins, H. Sadeghi, C. J. Lambert, U. Aschauer, S-X. Liu, E. Meyer Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142, (29), (2020), 12568-12573, pdf. |
| Three-dimensional graphene nanoribbons as a framework for molecular assembly and local probe chemistry S. Kawai, O. Krejci, T. Nishiuchi, K. Sahara, T. Kodama, R. Pawlak, E. Meyer, T. Kubo, A.S. Foster Sci.Adv., 6, (2020), eaay8913, pdf. |
| Giant thermal expansion of a two-dimensional supramolecular network triggered by alkyl chain motion S. Scherb, A. Hinaut, R. Pawlak, J. G. Vilhena, Y. Liu, S. Freund, Z. Liu, X. Feng, K. Müllen, Th. Glatzel, A. Narita, and E. Meyer Commun. Mater., 1, (2020), 8, pdf. |
| Tuning the work function and friction properties of KBr on Ir(111) by intercalating a monolayer of graphene Z. Liu, A. Hinaut, T. Glatzel, S. Scherb, J.Y. Zhang, and E. Meyer 2nd International Workshop on Superlubricity at Nano and Mesoscales, 2019-10-15, Shenzhen, (China). |
| Nanoscale analysis for energy materials Th. Glatzel and E. Meyer EMPA - Laboratory for Thin Films & Photovoltaics, 2019-08-08, Dübendorf, (Switzerland). |
| Decoupling of graphene by KBr intercalation on Cu(111) Th. Glatzel M. Schulzendorf, A. Hinaut, M. Kisiel, R. Jöhr, R. Pawlak, P. Restuccia, E. Meyer, M.C. Righi, and 22nd International Conference on Non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy, 2019-07-30, Regensburg, (Germany), Abstract (PDF). |
| Electrospry deposition of large organic molecules in Basel A Hinaut , S Scherb, R Pawlak, J.G Vilhena, T Glatzel, E Meyer seminar, 2019-04-04, Mainz, (Germany). |
| Characterization of hydrogen plasma defined graphene edges Mirko K. Rehmann, Yemliha B. Kalyoncu, Marcin Kisiel, Nikola Pascher, Franz J. Giessibl, Fabian Müller, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Ernst Meyer, Ming-Hao Liu, and Dominik M. Zumbühl Carbon, 150, (2019), 417-424, pdf. |
| Initial Stage of para-Hexaphenyl Thin-Film Growth Controlled by the Step Structure of the Ion-Beam-Modified TiO2(110) Surface K. Szajna, M. Kratzer, W. Belza, A. Hinaut, D. Wrana, Th. Glatzel, C. Teichert, and F. Krok J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, (33), (2019), 20257-20269, pdf. |
| Altering the Properties of Graphene on Cu(111) by Intercalation of Potassium Bromide M. Schulzendorf, A. Hinaut, M. Kisiel, R. Jöhr, R. Pawlak, P. Restuccia, E. Meyer, M. Clelia Righi, Th. Glatzel ACS Nano, 13, (2019), 5485-5492, pdf. |
| Quantitative determination of atomic buckling of silicene by atomic force microscopy R. Pawlak, C. Drechsel, P. D Astolfo, M. Kisiel, E. Meyer, J. I. Cerda PNAS, 117, (2019), 228-237, pdf. |
| Mechanical dissipation via image potential states on a topological insulator surface Dilek Yildiz, Marcin Kisiel, Urs Gysin, Oguzhan Gürlü, Ernst Meyer Nature Materials, 18, (2019), 1201â1206, pdf. |
| Multiple heteroatom substitution to graphene nanoribbon S. Kawai, S. Nakatsuka, T. Hatakeyama, R. Pawlak, T. Meier, J. Tracey, E. Meyer, A.S. Foster Science advances, 4, (2018), 7181, pdf. |
| A Two Dimensional Polymer Synthesized at the Air/Water Interface V. Müller, A. Hinaut, M. Moradi, M. Baljozovic, T. Jung, P. Shahgaldian, H. Möhwald, G. Hofer, M. Kröger, B. King, E. Meyer, Th. Glatzel, and A. Dieter Schlüter Angewandte Chemie, 130, (33), (2018), 10744-10748, pdf. |
| The effect of alkali halides on graphene grown on Cu(111), intercalation and boundary effects M. Schulzendorf , A. Hinaut, T. Glatzel, S. Kawai, R. Jöhr, R. Pawlak, M. C. Righi, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler and E. Meyer SNI annual meeting, 2017-09-07, Lenzerheide, (Switzerland). |
| Decoupling of graphene by KBr intercalation on Cu(111) M. Schulzendorf , A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, S. Kawai, R. Jöhr, R. Pawlak, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler and E. Meyer Nano in the Snow 2017, 2017-01-25, Schwarzsee, (Switzerland). |
| Precise engineering of quantum dot array coupling through their barrier widths I. Piquero-Zulaica, J. Lobo-Checa, A. Sadeghi, Z. M. Abd El-Fattah, C. Mitsui, T. Okamoto, R. Pawlak, T. Meier, A. Arnau, J. Enrique Ortega, J. Takeya, S. Goedecker, E. Meyer, S. Kawai Nature Comm., 8, (2017), 787, pdf. |
| Decoupling of graphene by KBr intercalation on Cu(111) M. Schulzendorf , A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, R. Pawlak, S. Kawai, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler, E. Meyer SNI annual meeting 2016, 2016-09-15, Lenzerheide, (Switzerland). |
| Decoupling of graphene by KBr intercalation on Cu(111) M. Schulzendorf , A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, R. Pawlak, S. Kawai, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler, E. Meyer Swiss Nano Convention 2016, 2016-06-30, Basel, (Switzerland). |
| Tip induced ordering of organic layered crystals M. Schulzendorf , G. Fessler, Th. Glatzel, M. Meuwly, L. Shi-Xia, S. Decurtins, E. Meyer SNI PhD School: Seminar on Rhetoric and Communication Skills, 2016-06-06, Mariastein, (Switzerland). |
| Decoupling of graphene by KBr intercalation on Cu(111) M. Schulzendorf , A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, R. Pawlak, S. Kawai, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler, E. Meyer Nano in the Snow 2016, 2016-01-27, Zinal, (Switzerland). |
| Apparent corrugation variations on moire patterns on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite D. Yildiz and O. Gurlu Materials Today Communications, 8, (2016), 72-78. |
| Superlubricity of graphene nanoribbons on gold surfaces S. Kawai, A. Benassi, E. Gnecco, H. Söde, R. Pawlak, X. Feng, K. Müllen, D. Passerone, C. A. Pignedoli, P. Ruffieux, R. Fasel, E. Meyer Science, 351, (6276), (2016), 957, pdf. |
| Work function of few layer graphene covered nickel thin films measured with Kelvin probe force microscopy B. Eren, U. Gysin, L. Marot, Th. Glatzel, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Appl. Phys. Lett, 108, (2016), 041602, pdf. |
| Nanomanipulation of C60 islands on organic layer compound crystals Th. Glatzel S. Freund, G. Fessler, A. Hinaut, R. Pawlak, S.-X. Liu, S. Decurtins, E. Meyer and 6th European Nanomanipulation Workshop, 2015-09-24, Giessen, (Germany), Abstract (PDF). |
| Changing the electronic properties of graphene by alkali halides on Cu(111) M. Schulzendorf, A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, S Kawai , R Jöhr, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler, E. Meyer SNI annual meeting 2015, 2015-09-03, Lenzerheide, (Switzerland), Abstract (PDF). |
| Manipulation of single molecules by NC-AFM E. Meyer , S. Kawai, A. Baratoff, E. Gnecco, R. Pawlak, T. Meier, S. Freund, A. Hinaut, R. Jöhr, M. Kisiel, U. Gysin and Th. Glatzel 8th International Workshop on Nanoscale Pattern Formation at Surfaces, 2015-07-15, Krakow, (Poland), Abstract (PDF). |
| Intricacies Of Moiré Patterns At The Atomic Level: A Scanning Probe Microscopy Perspective D. Yildiz, M. Kisiel, O. Gurlu, and E. Meyer Ecotrib2015, 2015-06-25, Lugano, (Switzerland). |
| Investigation Of Morphological And Electronic Properties Of Moiré Patterns By Scanning Probe Microscopy D. Yildiz, M. Kisiel, O. Gurlu, and E. Meyer The International Conference on Understanding and Controlling Nano and Mesoscale Friction, 2015-06-24, Istanbul, (Turkey). |
| Investigation Of Morphological And Electronic Properties Of Moiré Patterns By Scanning Probe Microscopy D. Yildiz, M. Kisiel, O. Gurlu, and E. Meyer Swiss Nano Convention 2015, 2015-05-27, Neuchâtel, (Switzerland). |
| Change in graphene´s work function on alkali halide deposition on Cu(111) M. Schulzendorf , A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, R. Pawlak, S. Kawai, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler, E. Meyer Swiss Nano Convention 2015, 2015-05-27, Neuchâtel, (Switzerland). |
| Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) study of moiré patterns on rotated graphene layer on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) D. Yildiz , S. Sen, M. Kisiel, O. Gulseren, E. Meyer, and O. Gurlu DPG Spring Meeting, 2015-03-19, Berlin, (Germany). |
| Change in grapheneâs work function on alkali halide deposition on Cu(111) M. Schulzendorf , A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, R. Pawlak, S. Kawai, J. Zhang, M. Muntwiler, E. Meyer SNI Nano in the Snow, 2015-01-21, Belalp, (Switzerland), Abstract (PDF). |
| Resolving Atomic Connectivity in Graphene Nanostructure Junctions T. Dienel, S. Kawai, H. Söde, X. Feng, K. Müllen, P. Ruffieux, R. Fasel, and O. Gröning Nano Lett., 15, (8), (2015), 5185-5190, pdf. |
| Atomically controlled substitutional boron-doping of graphene nanoribbons S. Kawai, S. Saito, S. Osumi, S. Yamaguchi, A. S. Foster, P. Spijker, and E. Meyer Nature Communications, 6, (2015), 8098, pdf. |
| Spectroscopic ellipsometry on Si/SiO2/graphene tri-layer system exposed to downstream hydrogen plasma: Effects of hydrogenation and chemical sputtering B. Eren, W. Fu, L. Marot, M. Calame, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Applied Physics Letters, 106 , (2015), 011904, pdf. |
| Graphene islands on Cu(111) studied by KPFM M. Schulzendorf, A. Hinaut, Th. Glatzel, S. Kawai and E. Meyer SNI annual meeting 2014, 2014-09-11, Lenzerheide, (Switzerland). |
| Giant frictional dissipation peaks and charge-density-wave slips at the NbSe2 surface M. Langer, M. Kisiel, R. Pawlak, F. Pelligrini, G. E. Santoro, R. Buzio, A. Gerbi, G. Balakrishnan, A. Baratoff, E. Tosatti, E. Meyer Nature Materials, 13, (2014), 173-177, pdf. |
| Graphene Synthesis viaThermal Polymerization of Aromatic Quinone Molecules S. Kawai, B. Eren, L. Marot, E. Meyer ACS Nano, 8, (6), (2014), 5932â5938, pdf. |
| Elastic Response of Graphene Nanodomes S. Koch, D. Stradi, E. Gnecco, S. Barja, S. Kawai, C. DÃaz, M. AlcamÃ, F. MartÃn, A. L. V. de Parga, R. Miranda, Th. Glatzel, and E. Meyer ACS Nano, 7, (4), (2013), 2927, pdf. |
| Hydrogen plasma microlithography of graphene supported on a Si/SiO2 substrate B. Eren, Th. Glatzel, M. Kisiel, W. Fu, R. Pawlak, U. Gysin, C. Nef, L. Marot, M. Calame, Ch. Schönenberger, E. Meyer Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, (2013), 071602, pdf. |
| 2D Scanning Force Spectroscopy on Organic Layer Crystals M. Schulzendorf , G. Fessler, S. Kawai, Th. Glatzel, S. Liu, and S. Decurtins 76th Annual Meeting of the DPG and DPG Spring Meeting, 2012-03-28, Berlin, (Germany). |
| Contrast inversion of the h-BN nanomesh investigated by nc-AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy S. Koch, M. Langer, S. Kawai, E. Meyer and Th. Glatzel Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 24, (2012), 314212, pdf. |
| Pure hydrogen low-temperature plasma exposure of HOPG and graphene: Graphane formation? B. Eren, D. Hug, L. Marot, R. Pawlak, M. Kisiel, R. Steiner, D. M. Zumbühl, E. Meyer Beilstein J. Nanotech., 3, (2012), 852â9, pdf. |
| Ultrasensitive detection of lateral atomic-scale interactions on graphite (0001) via bimodal dynamic force measurements S. Kawai, Th. Glatzel, S. Koch, B. Such, A. Baratoff, and E. Meyer Phys. Rev. B, 81, (8), (2010), 085420, pdf. |