Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA)
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), also known as
Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), is a widely used surface analysis technique because of its relative
simplicity in use and data interpretation. The sample is irradiated with mono-energetic X-rays causing photoelectrons to be
emitted from the sample surface. An electron energy analyzer determines the binding energy of the photoelectrons. From the
binding energy and intensity of a photoelectron peak, the elemental identity, chemical state, and quantity of an element are
determined. The information XPS provides about surface layers or thin film structures is of value in many industrial applications including: polymer surface modification, catalysis, corrosion, adhesion, semiconductor and dielectric materials, electronics packaging, magnetic media, and thin film coatings used in a number of industries. |
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The main research interests include general surface physics, determination of the electronic structure of condensed matter, deposition and characterization of metal nanoparticles and thin film technology. A specific project is the determination of the growth mechanism of nanotubes (CNT) grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD), and the study of the electronic structure of CNTs and embedded them in a film. |
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| Currently, we have the capability to achieve single or double side hydrogenation of graphene as well anisotropic etching. Especially, double side hydrogenation of graphene is a recent topic of interest, since hydrogen bonding can saturate the delocalized electrons; thus changing graphene from a semi-metal to a semi-conductor. We are aiming to provide a fundamental understanding to electronic, chemical and mechanical properties of this novel material, which is foreseen to be one of the building blocks of two dimensional and all-carbon transistors and NEMS devices. |
Publications related to this research topic:
| Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis Mukaddam, Khaled and Astasov-Frauenhoffer, Monika and Fasler-Kan, Elizaveta and Marot, Laurent and Kisiel, Marcin and Meyer, Ernst and Köser, Joachim and Waser, Marcus and Bornstein, Michael M. and Kühl, Sebastian Materials, 14, (24), (2021), 7686, pdf. |
| Plasma-activated catalytic formation of ammonia from N2-H2: influence of temperature and noble gas addition M. Ben Yaala, D.-F. Scherrer, A. Saeedi, L. Moser, K. Soni, R. Steiner, G. De Temmerman, M. Oberkofler, L. Marot, E. Meyer Nucl. Fusion, 60, (2020), 016026, pdf. |
| Plasma-assisted catalytic formation of ammonia in N2-H2 plasma on a tungsten surface M. Ben Yaala, A. Saeedi, D.-F. Scherrer, L. Moser, R. Steiner, M. Zutter, M. Oberkofler, G. De Temmerman, L. Marot, E. Meyer Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 21, (2019), 16623â16633, pdf. |
| Diagnostic mirrors for ITER: research in the frame of International Tokamak Physics Activity A. Litnovsky, V.S. Voitsenya, R. Reichle, M. Walsh, A. Razdobarin, A. Dmitriev, N. Babinov, L. Marot, L. Moser, R. Yan, M. Rubel, A. Widdowson, S. Moon, S.G. Oh, Y. An, P. Shigin, I. Orlov-skiy, K.Yu. Vukolov, E. Andreenko, A. Krimmer, V. Kotov, Ph. Mertens, Specialists Working Group on First Mirrors of the ITPA Topical Group on Diagnostics Nucl. Fusion, 59, (2019), 066029, pdf. |
| Deuterium as a cleaning gas for ITER first mirrors: experimental study on beryllium deposits from laboratory and JET-ILW M. Ben Yaala, L. Moser, R. Steiner, B. Butoi, P. Dinca, P. Petersson, L. Marot, E. Meyer Nucl. Fusion, 59, (2019), 096027, pdf. |
| Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium tritium operation with the ITER like-wall E. Joffrin, .... L. Marot, L. Moser..... Nucl. Fusion, 59, (2019), 112021, pdf. |
| Spectroscopic characterization and photoactivity of SiOx-based films electrochemically grown on Cu surfaces Agata Krywko-Cendrowska, Laurent Marot, Laetitia Philippe, Marcin Strawski, Ernst Meyer, Marek Szklarczyk Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 47, (8), (2017), 917-930, pdf. |
| Restoring the electrical properties of CVD graphene via physisorption of molecular adsorbates Kishan Thodkar, Damien Thompson, Felix LuÌoÌnd, Lucas Moser, Frédéric Overney, Laurent Marot, Christian SchoÌnenberger, Blaise Jeanneret, Michel Calame ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9, (29), (2017), 25014-25022, pdf. |
| Surface chemistry of rare-earth oxide surfaces at ambient conditions: reactions with water and hydrocarbons Elcin Kuelah, Laurent Marot, Roland Steiner, Andriy Romanyuk, Thomas A Jung, Aneliia Waeckerlin, Ernst Meyer Scientific Reports, 7, (2017), 43369, pdf. |
| Cleaning of first mirrors in ITER by means of radio frequency discharges F. Leipold, R. Reichle, C. Vorpahl, E. E. Mukhin, A. M. Dmitriev, A. G. Razdobarin, D. S. Samsonov, L. Marot , L. Moser, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Review of Scientific Instruments, 87, (2016), 11D439, pdf. |
| Understanding the formation of aligned, linear arrays of Ag nanoparticles RM. Walliser, R. Tóth, I. Lagzi, D. Mathys, L. Marot, A. Braun, CE. Housecroft, EC. Constable RSC Adv, 6, (2016), 28388, pdf. |
| ITER perspective on fusion reactor diagnostics - A spectroscopic view M.F.M. De Bock, R. Barnsley, M. Bassan, L. Bertalot, B. Brichard, I.M. Bukreev, J.M. Drevon, F. Le Guern, R. Hutton, M. Ivantsivskiy, H.G. Lee, F. Leipold, P. Maquet, L. Marot, V. Martin, P. Mertens, A. Mokeev, L. Moser, E.E. Mukhin, S. Pak, A.G. Razdobarin, R. Reichle, C.R. Seon, F. Seyvet, S. Simrock, V. Udintsev, G. Vayakis and C. Vorpahl Journal of Instrumentation , (11.08 ), (2016), P08010, pdf. |
| ITER first mirror mock-ups exposed in Magnum-PSI L. Marot, G. De Temmerman, M.A. van den Berg, P.-O. Renault, G. Covarel, M. Joanny, J.M. Travère, R. Steiner, D. Mathys and E. Meyer Nuclear Fusion, 56, (2016), 066015, pdf. |
| Plasma cleaning of ITER First Mirrors in magnetic field L. Moser, R. Steiner, F. Leipold, R. Reichle, L. Marot, E. Meyer Journal of Nuclear Materials, (2015), pdf. |
| Towards plasma cleaning of ITER first mirrors L. Moser, L. Marot, B. Eren, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, F. Leipold, R. Reichle, E. Meyer Nuclear Fusion, 55, (2015), 063020, pdf. |
| Surface Modifications Induced by High Fluxes of Low Energy Helium Ions Ä°. Tanyeli, L. Marot, D. Mathys, MCM. van de Sanden, G. De Temmerman Scientific reports, 5, (2015), 9779, pdf. |
| Carbon nanotube growth on AlN support: Comparison between Ni and Fe chemical states and morphology B. Eren, L. Marot, R. Steiner, T. de los Arcos, M. Düggelin, D. Mathys, K. N. Goldie, V. Olivieri, E. Meyer Chemical Physics Letters, 609, (2014), 82â87, pdf. |
| An overview of the comprehensive First Mirror Test in JET with ITER-like wall D. Ivanova, M. Rubel, A. Widdowson, P. Petersson, J. Likonen, L. Marot, E. Alves, A. Garcia-Carrasco, G. Pintsuk and JET-EFDA Contributors Physica Scripta, T159, (2014), 014011, pdf. |
| Morphological changes of tungsten surfaces by low-flux helium plasma treatment and helium incorporation via magnetron sputtering. S. Iyyakkunnel, L. Marot, B. Eren, R. Steiner, L. Moser, D. Mathys, M. Dueggelin, P. Chapon, E. Meyer ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, (2014), pdf. |
| Deuterium plasma exposure of rhodium films: Role of morphology and crystal structure A. Uccello, B. Eren, L. Marot, D. Dellasega, A. Maffini, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, E. Meyer, M. Passoni Journal of Nuclear Materials, 446, (2014), 106â112, pdf. |
| Laser-assisted cleaning of beryllium-containing mirror samples from JET and PISCES-B M. Wisse, L. Marot, A. Widdowson, M. Rubel, D. Ivanova, P. Petersson, R.P. Doerner, M.J. Baldwin, J. Likonen, E. Alves, A. Hakola, S. Koivuranta, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Fusion Engineering and Design, 89, (2014), 122â130, pdf. |
| Graphene Synthesis viaThermal Polymerization of Aromatic Quinone Molecules S. Kawai, B. Eren, L. Marot, E. Meyer ACS Nano, 8, (6), (2014), 5932â5938, pdf. |
| Nanostructuring of Iron Surfaces by Low-Energy Helium Ions I. Tanyeli, L. Marot, M.C.M. van de Sanden, G. De Temmerman ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, (2014), 3462−3468, pdf. |
| Pico- and nanosecond laser ablation of mixed tungsten / aluminium films M. Wisse, L. Marot, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, A. Stumpp, M. Joanny, J. M. Travere, E. Meyer Fusion Science and Technology, (2014), pdf. |
| Laser damage thresholds of ITER mirror materials and first results on in situ laser cleaning of stainless steel mirrors M. Wisse, L. Marot, B. Eren, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, E. Meyer Fusion Eng. Des., 88, (2013), 388-99, pdf. |
| Helium effects on tungsten under fusion-relevant plasma loading conditions G. De Temmerman, K. Bystrov, R.P. Doerner, L. Marot, G.M. Wright, K.B. Woller, D.G. Whyte, J.J. Zielinski J. Nucl. Mater., 438, (2013), S78âS83, pdf. |
| Hydrogen plasma microlithography of graphene supported on a Si/SiO2 substrate B. Eren, Th. Glatzel, M. Kisiel, W. Fu, R. Pawlak, U. Gysin, C. Nef, L. Marot, M. Calame, Ch. Schönenberger, E. Meyer Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, (2013), 071602, pdf. |
| Can aluminium or magnesium be a surrogate for beryllium: A critical investigation of their chemistry L. Marot, C. Linsmeier, B. Eren, L. Moser, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Fusion Eng. Des., 88, (2013), 1718â21, pdf. |
| Reduced damage threshold for tungsten using combined steady state and transient sources T.W. Morgan, J.J. Zielinski, B.J. Hensen, H.Y. Xu, L. Marot, G. De Temmerman J. Nucl. Mater., 438, (2013), S784âS787, pdf. |
| Performances of Rh and Mo mirrors under JET exposure L. Marot, E. Meyer, M. Rubel, D. Ivanova, A. Widdowson, J.P. Coad, J. Likonen, A. Hakola, S. Koivuranta, G. De Temmerman, JET-EFDA Contributors J. Nucl. Mater., 438, (2013), S1187âS1191, pdf. |
| Assessment of cleaning methods for first mirrors tested in JET for ITER D. Ivanova, A. Widdowson, J. Likonen, L. Marot, S. Koivuranta, J.P. Coad, M. Rubel, P. Petersson, G. De Temmerman, JET-EFDA Contributors J. Nucl. Mater, 438, (2013), S1241âS1244, pdf. |
| The ITER Thomson scattering core LIDAR diagnostic G.A. Naylor, R. Scannell, M. Beurskens, M.J. Walsh, I. Pastor, A.J.H. Donné, B. Snijders, W. Biel, B. Meszaros, L. Giudicotti, R. Pasqualotto and L. Marot Journal of Instrumentation, 7, (2012), C03043, pdf. |
| Thermo-mechanical analysis of ITER first mirrors and its use for the ITER equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system optical design M. Joanny, S. Salasca, M. Dapena, B. Cantone, J. M. Travère, C. Thellier, J. J. Fermé, L. Marot, O. Buravand, G. Perrollaz, and C. Zeile Rev Sci Instrum, 83, (2012), 10E506, pdf. |
| The ITER VIS/IR Wide Angle Viewing System: Challenges and On-going R&D J.M. Travere, M.H. Aumeunier, M. Joanny, M. Jouve, V. Martin, V. Moncada, S. Salasca, L. Marot, D. Chabaud, J.J. Fermé, F. Brémond, M. Thonnat Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods , (2012), pdf. |
| Overview of the Second Stage in the Comprehensive Mirrors test in Jet M. Rubel, D. Ivanova, J.P. Coad, G. De Temmerman, J. Likonen, L. Marot, A. Schmidt, A. Widdowson Physica Scripta, T145, (2011), 014070, pdf. |
| Characterization of hydrocarbon and mixed layers in TEXTOR by laser induced ablation spectroscopy N. Gierse,, S Brezinsek, T. F. Giesen, A. Huber, M. Laengner, R. Leyte-Gonzales, L. Marot, E. Meyer, S. Möller, M. Naiim-Habib, V. Philipps, A. Pospieszczyk, B. Schweer, G. Sergienko, M. Zlobinski, U. Samm and the TEXTOR team Phys. Scr., T145, (2011), 014026, pdf. |