Fusion
Fusion: Plasma-wall interaction studies related to fusion reactor materials
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In a fusion reactor, and especially in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), knowledge of the plasma parameters is of highest interest to control and understand the performances of such a device. In today's tokamaks, the plasma is viewed through optical windows or fibre optics for many diagnostics. However, the high level of radiation expected in ITER will render this conventional approach impossible. | |
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Metallic mirrors will be used either as plasma-facing components or as light transmitter through a labyrinth, and therefore the first mirror (FM) will be one of the most critical elements of ITER diagnostics systems. It must survive in an extreme environment (intense UV and X-rays radiation as well as particle fluxes due to charge exchange neutrals) and has to maintain a good optical performance. | |
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In Basel, research is focused on the investigation of the erosion and deposition mechanisms affecting the optical
reflectivity of potential materials for first mirrors of ITER both by active collaborations with groups from
different Tokamak sites and by simulation in laboratory experiments.
Another part is the preparation of metallic coated mirrors by magnetron sputtering or evaporation, to obtain nanometric
crystallites films, like rhodium or molybdenum, with a high reflectivity. The last topic is to study the interaction of the first wall (tungsten) of fusion reactor with several plasma especially for DEMO (DEMOnstration Power Plant). |
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Cleaning of mirrors either by plasma or laser is also investigated. |
University of Basel News: Saubere Spiegel für den Fusionsreaktor, April 2015
ITER newline: Testing cleaning techniques for diagnostic mirrors, April 2015.
Energy research and innovation Report 2013 - page 24 (in englich) link to pdf 1.
Energieforschung und Innovation Bericht 2013 - page 24 (in german) link to pdf 2.
Recherche énergétique et innovation Rapport 2013 -(in french) page 24 link to pdf 3.
Article in "Baslerstab", 28th of April 2011 (in german) part 1 and part 2 4/5.
Article in "Schweizerische Technische Zeitschrift", April 2011 (in german) STZ link to pdf 6.
Article in "Technica Fusion", December 2010 (in german) Technica Fusion Dez 2010 link to pdf 7.
Article in "Basler Zeitung", 9th of July 2010 (in german) BaZ link to pdf 8.
Plasma-catalysis for ammonia production
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On 19th November 2020, Rodrigo Antunes participated in the diss:kurs 2020 in which, together with other 6 PhD students
and postdocs, he presented his main postdoc topic on “plasma-catalysis for ammonia production” in layman terms. All
contributions can be viewed in
Diss-kurs Webpage. The videos were recorded at the New Media Centre of the University of Basel.
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Presentation of Rodrigo Antunes to the Diss-kurs event. |
Publications related to this research topic:
| Plasma-activated catalytic formation of ammonia from N2-H2: influence of temperature and noble gas addition M. Ben Yaala, D.-F. Scherrer, A. Saeedi, L. Moser, K. Soni, R. Steiner, G. De Temmerman, M. Oberkofler, L. Marot, E. Meyer Nucl. Fusion, 60, (2020), 016026, pdf. |
| Deuterium as a cleaning gas for ITER first mirrors: experimental study on beryllium deposits from laboratory and JET-ILW M. Ben Yaala, L. Moser, R. Steiner, B. Butoi, P. Dinca, P. Petersson, L. Marot, E. Meyer Nucl. Fusion, 59, (2019), 096027, pdf. |
| Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium tritium operation with the ITER like-wall E. Joffrin, .... L. Marot, L. Moser..... Nucl. Fusion, 59, (2019), 112021, pdf. |
| Plasma-assisted catalytic formation of ammonia in N2-H2 plasma on a tungsten surface M. Ben Yaala, A. Saeedi, D.-F. Scherrer, L. Moser, R. Steiner, M. Zutter, M. Oberkofler, G. De Temmerman, L. Marot, E. Meyer Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 21, (2019), 16623â16633, pdf. |
| Plasma cleaning of steam ingressed ITER first mirrors K. Soni, L. Moser, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, F. Le Guern, J. Piqueras, L. Marot, E. Meyer Nucl. Mater. Energy, 21, (2019), 100702, pdf. |
| Diagnostic mirrors for ITER: research in the frame of International Tokamak Physics Activity A. Litnovsky, V.S. Voitsenya, R. Reichle, M. Walsh, A. Razdobarin, A. Dmitriev, N. Babinov, L. Marot, L. Moser, R. Yan, M. Rubel, A. Widdowson, S. Moon, S.G. Oh, Y. An, P. Shigin, I. Orlov-skiy, K.Yu. Vukolov, E. Andreenko, A. Krimmer, V. Kotov, Ph. Mertens, Specialists Working Group on First Mirrors of the ITPA Topical Group on Diagnostics Nucl. Fusion, 59, (2019), 066029, pdf. |
| Sputtering effects on mirrors made of different tungsten grades VS Voitsenya, OV Ogorodnikova, AF Bardamid, VN Bondarenko, VG Konovalov, PM Lytvyn, L. Marot, IV Ryzhkov, OO Skoryk, SI Solodovchenko Journal of Nuclear Materials, 500, (2018), 56-63, pdf. |
| Quartz micro-balance and in situ XPS study of the adsorption and decomposition of ammonia on gold, tungsten, boron, beryllium and stainless steel surfaces M Ben Yaala, L Marot, R Steiner, L Moser, G De Temmerman, C Porosnicu, CP Lungu, M Oberkofler, E Meyer Nuclear Fusion, 58, (10), (2018), 106012, pdf. |
| Plasma impact on diagnostic mirrors in JET Alvaro Garcia-Carrasco, P Petersson, M Rubel, A Widdowson, E Fortuna-Zalesna, S Jachmich, M Brix, L Marot, JET Contributors Nuclear Materials and Energy, (2017), pdf. |
| TCV mirrors cleaned by plasma L Marot, S Coda, S Kajita, L Moser, R Steiner, E Meyer Nuclear Materials and Energy, 12, (2017), 205-201, pdf. |
| Plasma cleaning of ITER first mirrors L. Moser, L. Marot, R.Steiner, R. Reichle, F. Leipold, C. Vorpahl, F. Le Guern, U. Walach, S. Alberti, I. Furno, R. Yan, J. Peng, M. Ben Yaala, E. Meyer Physica Scripta, 2017, (T170), (2017), 014047, pdf. |
| Investigation and plasma cleaning of first mirrors coated with relevant ITER contaminants: beryllium and tungsten Lucas Moser, Russell Doerner, Matthew Baldwin, Cristian Lungu, C Poroniscu, Mark Newman, Anna Widdowson, Eduardo Alves, G Pintsuk, Jari Likonen, Antti Hakola, Roland Steiner, Laurent Marot, Ernst Meyer Nuclear Fusion, 57, (2017), 086019 , pdf. |
| In situ cleaning of diagnostic first mirrors: an experimental comparison between plasma and laser cleaning in ITER-relevant conditions A Maffini, L Moser, L Marot, R Steiner, D Dellasega, A Uccello, E Meyer, M Passoni Nuclear Fusion, 57, (4), (2017), 046014, pdf. |
| Plasma wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium: progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification S Brezinsek, JW Coenen, T Schwarz-Selinger, K Schmid, A Kirschner, A Hakola, FL Tabares, HJ van der Meiden, M-L Mayoral, M Reinhart, E Tsitrone, T Ahlgren, M Aints, M Airila, S Almaviva, E Alves, T Angot, V Anita, R Arredondo Parra, F Aumayr, M Balden, J Bauer, M Ben Yaala, BM Berger, R Bisson, C Björkas, I Bogdanovic Radovic, D Borodin, J Bucalossi, J Butikova, B Butoi, I Äadež, R Caniello, L Caneve, G Cartry, N Catarino, M Äekada, G Ciraolo, L Ciupinski, F Colao, Y Corre, C Costin, T Craciunescu, A Cremona, M De Angeli, A de Castro, R Dejarnac, D Dellasega, P Dinca, T Dittmar, C Dobrea, P Hansen, A Drenik, T Eich, S Elgeti, D Falie, N Fedorczak, Y Ferro, T Fornal, E Fortuna-Zalesna, L Gao, P Gasior, M Gherendi, F Ghezzi, Ž Gosar, H Greuner, E Grigore, C Grisolia, M Groth, M Gruca, J Grzonka, JP Gunn, K Hassouni, K Heinola, T Höschen, S Huber, W Jacob, I Jepu, X Jiang, I Jogi, A Kaiser, J Karhunen, M Kelemen, M Köppen, HR Koslowski, A Kreter, M Kubkowska, M Laan, L Laguardia, A Lahtinen, A Lasa, V Lazic, N Lemahieu, J Likonen, J Linke, A Litnovsky, Ch Linsmeier, T Loewenhoff, C Lungu, M Lungu, G Maddaluno, H Maier, T Makkonen, A Manhard, Y Marandet, S Markelj, L Marot, C Martin, AB Martin-Rojo, Y Martynova, R Mateus, D Matveev, M Mayer, G Meisl, N Mellet, A Michau, J Miettunen, S Möller, TW Morgan, J Mougenot, M MozetiÄ, V NemaniÄ, R Neu, K Nordlund, M Oberkofler, E Oyarzabal, M Panjan, C Pardanaud, P Paris, M Passoni, B Pegourie, P Pelicon, P Petersson, K Piip, G Pintsuk, G Nuclear Fusion, 57, (11), (2017), 116041, pdf. |
| Plasma cleaning of ITER edge Thomson scattering mock-up mirror in EAST tokamak R. Yan, L. Moser, B. Wang, J. Peng, C. Vorpahl, F. Leipold, R. Reichle, R. Ding, J. Chen, L. Mu, R. Steiner, E. Meyer, M. Zhong Zhao, J. Wu, L. Marot Nuclear Fusion, (2017). |
| Cleaning of first mirrors in ITER by means of radio frequency discharges F. Leipold, R. Reichle, C. Vorpahl, E. E. Mukhin, A. M. Dmitriev, A. G. Razdobarin, D. S. Samsonov, L. Marot , L. Moser, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Review of Scientific Instruments, 87, (2016), 11D439, pdf. |
| Plasma cleaning of beryllium coated mirrors L. Moser, L. Marot, R. Steiner, M. Newman, A. Widdowsonr2, D. Ivanova, J. Likonen, P. Petersson, G. Pintsuk, M. Rubel, E. Meyer and JET Contributors Physica Scripta, T167, (2016), 014069, pdf. |
| ITER perspective on fusion reactor diagnostics - A spectroscopic view M.F.M. De Bock, R. Barnsley, M. Bassan, L. Bertalot, B. Brichard, I.M. Bukreev, J.M. Drevon, F. Le Guern, R. Hutton, M. Ivantsivskiy, H.G. Lee, F. Leipold, P. Maquet, L. Marot, V. Martin, P. Mertens, A. Mokeev, L. Moser, E.E. Mukhin, S. Pak, A.G. Razdobarin, R. Reichle, C.R. Seon, F. Seyvet, S. Simrock, V. Udintsev, G. Vayakis and C. Vorpahl Journal of Instrumentation , (11.08 ), (2016), P08010, pdf. |
| ITER first mirror mock-ups exposed in Magnum-PSI L. Marot, G. De Temmerman, M.A. van den Berg, P.-O. Renault, G. Covarel, M. Joanny, J.M. Travère, R. Steiner, D. Mathys and E. Meyer Nuclear Fusion, 56, (2016), 066015, pdf. |
| Optical Coatings as Mirrors for Optical Diagnostics L. Marot, G. Arnoux, A. Huber, V. Huber, Ph. Mertens, G. Sergienko, E. Meyer and J.E.T. Contributors Journal of Coating Science and Technology, 2, (2015), 72-78, pdf. |
| Surface Modifications Induced by High Fluxes of Low Energy Helium Ions Ä°. Tanyeli, L. Marot, D. Mathys, MCM. van de Sanden, G. De Temmerman Scientific reports, 5, (2015), 9779, pdf. |
| Towards plasma cleaning of ITER first mirrors L. Moser, L. Marot, B. Eren, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, F. Leipold, R. Reichle, E. Meyer Nuclear Fusion, 55, (2015), 063020, pdf. |
| Plasma cleaning of ITER First Mirrors in magnetic field L. Moser, R. Steiner, F. Leipold, R. Reichle, L. Marot, E. Meyer Journal of Nuclear Materials, (2015), pdf. |
| Morphological changes of tungsten surfaces by low-flux helium plasma treatment and helium incorporation via magnetron sputtering. S. Iyyakkunnel, L. Marot, B. Eren, R. Steiner, L. Moser, D. Mathys, M. Dueggelin, P. Chapon, E. Meyer ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, (2014), pdf. |
| Deuterium plasma exposure of rhodium films: Role of morphology and crystal structure A. Uccello, B. Eren, L. Marot, D. Dellasega, A. Maffini, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, E. Meyer, M. Passoni Journal of Nuclear Materials, 446, (2014), 106â112, pdf. |
| Laser-assisted cleaning of beryllium-containing mirror samples from JET and PISCES-B M. Wisse, L. Marot, A. Widdowson, M. Rubel, D. Ivanova, P. Petersson, R.P. Doerner, M.J. Baldwin, J. Likonen, E. Alves, A. Hakola, S. Koivuranta, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Fusion Engineering and Design, 89, (2014), 122â130, pdf. |
| Nanostructuring of Iron Surfaces by Low-Energy Helium Ions I. Tanyeli, L. Marot, M.C.M. van de Sanden, G. De Temmerman ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, (2014), 3462−3468, pdf. |
| Pico- and nanosecond laser ablation of mixed tungsten / aluminium films M. Wisse, L. Marot, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, A. Stumpp, M. Joanny, J. M. Travere, E. Meyer Fusion Science and Technology, (2014), pdf. |
| An overview of the comprehensive First Mirror Test in JET with ITER-like wall D. Ivanova, M. Rubel, A. Widdowson, P. Petersson, J. Likonen, L. Marot, E. Alves, A. Garcia-Carrasco, G. Pintsuk and JET-EFDA Contributors Physica Scripta, T159, (2014), 014011, pdf. |
| Helium effects on tungsten under fusion-relevant plasma loading conditions G. De Temmerman, K. Bystrov, R.P. Doerner, L. Marot, G.M. Wright, K.B. Woller, D.G. Whyte, J.J. Zielinski J. Nucl. Mater., 438, (2013), S78âS83, pdf. |
| Laser damage thresholds of ITER mirror materials and first results on in situ laser cleaning of stainless steel mirrors M. Wisse, L. Marot, B. Eren, R. Steiner, D. Mathys, E. Meyer Fusion Eng. Des., 88, (2013), 388-99, pdf. |
| Reduced damage threshold for tungsten using combined steady state and transient sources T.W. Morgan, J.J. Zielinski, B.J. Hensen, H.Y. Xu, L. Marot, G. De Temmerman J. Nucl. Mater., 438, (2013), S784âS787, pdf. |
| Hydrogen plasma microlithography of graphene supported on a Si/SiO2 substrate B. Eren, Th. Glatzel, M. Kisiel, W. Fu, R. Pawlak, U. Gysin, C. Nef, L. Marot, M. Calame, Ch. Schönenberger, E. Meyer Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, (2013), 071602, pdf. |
| Performances of Rh and Mo mirrors under JET exposure L. Marot, E. Meyer, M. Rubel, D. Ivanova, A. Widdowson, J.P. Coad, J. Likonen, A. Hakola, S. Koivuranta, G. De Temmerman, JET-EFDA Contributors J. Nucl. Mater., 438, (2013), S1187âS1191, pdf. |
| Assessment of cleaning methods for first mirrors tested in JET for ITER D. Ivanova, A. Widdowson, J. Likonen, L. Marot, S. Koivuranta, J.P. Coad, M. Rubel, P. Petersson, G. De Temmerman, JET-EFDA Contributors J. Nucl. Mater, 438, (2013), S1241âS1244, pdf. |
| Can aluminium or magnesium be a surrogate for beryllium: A critical investigation of their chemistry L. Marot, C. Linsmeier, B. Eren, L. Moser, R. Steiner, E. Meyer Fusion Eng. Des., 88, (2013), 1718â21, pdf. |
| Thermo-mechanical analysis of ITER first mirrors and its use for the ITER equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system optical design M. Joanny, S. Salasca, M. Dapena, B. Cantone, J. M. Travère, C. Thellier, J. J. Fermé, L. Marot, O. Buravand, G. Perrollaz, and C. Zeile Rev Sci Instrum, 83, (2012), 10E506, pdf. |
| The ITER Thomson scattering core LIDAR diagnostic G.A. Naylor, R. Scannell, M. Beurskens, M.J. Walsh, I. Pastor, A.J.H. Donné, B. Snijders, W. Biel, B. Meszaros, L. Giudicotti, R. Pasqualotto and L. Marot Journal of Instrumentation, 7, (2012), C03043, pdf. |
| The ITER VIS/IR Wide Angle Viewing System: Challenges and On-going R&D J.M. Travere, M.H. Aumeunier, M. Joanny, M. Jouve, V. Martin, V. Moncada, S. Salasca, L. Marot, D. Chabaud, J.J. Fermé, F. Brémond, M. Thonnat Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods , (2012), pdf. |
| Development of in situ cleaning techniques for diagnostic mirrors in ITER A. Litnovsky, M. Laengner, M. Matveeva, Ch. Schulz, L. Marot, V.S. Voitsenya, V. Philipps, W. Biel, U. Samm Fusion Engineering and Design, 86, (2011), 1780-1783, pdf. |
| Characterization of hydrocarbon and mixed layers in TEXTOR by laser induced ablation spectroscopy N. Gierse,, S Brezinsek, T. F. Giesen, A. Huber, M. Laengner, R. Leyte-Gonzales, L. Marot, E. Meyer, S. Möller, M. Naiim-Habib, V. Philipps, A. Pospieszczyk, B. Schweer, G. Sergienko, M. Zlobinski, U. Samm and the TEXTOR team Phys. Scr., T145, (2011), 014026, pdf. |
| Nitrogen and neon retention in plasma-facing materials M. Rubel, V. Philipps, L. Marot, P. Petersson, A. Pospieszczyk, B. Schweer Journal of Nuclear Materials, 415, (2011), S223âS226, pdf. |
| Active control over carbon deposition on diagnostic components and in remote areas of ITER A. Litnovsky, V. Philipps, P. Wienhold, M. Matveeva, A. Pospieszczyk, G. Sergienko, O. Schmitz, U. Samm, H. Stoschus, C. Schulz, L. Marot, A. Romanyuk, G. De Temmerman, M. Laengner, U. Breuer, A. Stärk, TEXTOR Team Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417, (2011), 830â833, pdf. |
| Overview of the Second Stage in the Comprehensive Mirrors test in Jet M. Rubel, D. Ivanova, J.P. Coad, G. De Temmerman, J. Likonen, L. Marot, A. Schmidt, A. Widdowson Physica Scripta, T145, (2011), 014070, pdf. |